Spreadsheet Package

Spreadsheet with is a numerical data analysis tool that allows us to create computerized ledger. A manual ledger is a book having rows and columns that accountants use for keeping record of financial transactions and preparing financial statements. Accountants use pencil, erasure, and hand calculator to prepare financial statements using manual ledger. This is a tedious task and often takes a long time to come out with an acceptable and satisfactory financial statement, due to several iterations of formula calculations, and making it easier to change certain numerical values and seeing the effect of these change across the worksheet (ledger) immediately. With the availability of spreadsheet Packages, we are no longer required to use pencil, erasure, and hand calculators for dealing with tasks that require numerical data analysis.

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Word-processing Package

The term word processing describes use of hardware and software to create, edit, view, format, store, retrieve and print documents (written materials such as letters, reports, books, etc.). A word processing package enables us to do all these on computer system. Commonly supported features: Today's word processing packages normally support the features described below: 1. Entering Text : This feature allows a user to enter text with computer's keyboard. Every character typed on keyboard is displayed immediately on computer's screen. Word wrap feature of word processing software determines when current line is full, and it automatically moves the text that follows to the next line. Hence, only time the user has to press Enter key is at the end of the paragraph. This feature is very useful to those having fast typing speed because they can enter text at their speed, without the need to keep track of where to end a line. 2. Editing Text : This feature allows a user to make cha...

Computer Languages - introduction

This chapter continues with the discussion of development of computer programs. Once a programmer has finished planning of a computer program, he/she is now ready to write the steps of the corresponding algorithm in a programming language. Computer language or programming language is a language acceptable to a computer system, and the process of writing instructions in such a language is called programming or coding. The goal of this post is to introduce some popular programming languages. Analogy with natural languages: Language is a mans of communication. We use a natural language such as English, to communicate our emotions and ideas to others. Similarly a programmer uses a computer language to instruct computer what he/she want to do. All natural languages (English, French, German, etc.) use a standard set of words and symbols for communication. Everyone uses that language understands these words and symbols. The set of words allowed in a ...

Central Processing Unit

Central Processing Unit (CPU) A Central Processing Unit is also called a processor, central processor, or microprocessor. It carries out all the important functions of a computer. It receives instructions from both the hardware and active software and produces output accordingly. It stores all important programs like operating systems and application software. CPU also helps Input and output devices to communicate with each other. Owing to these features of CPU, it is often referred to as the brain of the computer. Central Processing Unit CPU is installed or inserted into a CPU socket located on the motherboard. Furthermore, it is provided with a heat sink to absorb and dissipate heat to keep the CPU cool and functioning smoothly. Generally, a CPU has three components: 1. Control Unit 2. Arithmetic Logic Unit 3. Memory or Storage Unit 1. Control Unit : It is the circuitry in the control unit, which makes use of electrical signals to instruct the computer system for executing alre...

Evolution of Computers

Blaise Pascal invented the first mechanical adding machine in 1642. First mechanical adding machine Later, in the year 1671, Baron Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz of Germany invented the first calculator for multiplication. First calculator for multiplication Keyboard machines originated in the United states around 1880 and we use them even today. Around the same period, Herman Hollerith came up with the concept of punched cards that computers used extensively a input medium even in late 1970s. Business machines and calculators made their appearance in Europe and America towards the end of the nineteenth century. Charles Babbage , a nineteenth century professor at Cambridge University, is considered the Father of modern digital programmable computers. He had employed a group of clerks for preparing mathematical statistical tables. Babbage had to spend several hours checking these tables because even utmost care and precautions could not eliminate human errors. Soon he became di...

Computer system architecture

Computer Architecture A computer system is basically a machine that simplifies complicated tasks. It should maximize performance and reduce costs as well as power consumption.The different components in the Computer System Architecture are Input Unit, Output Unit, Storage Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Unit etc. A diagram that shows the flow of data between these units is as follows − The input data travels from input unit to ALU. Similarly, the computed data travels from ALU to output unit. The data constantly moves from storage unit to ALU and back again. This is because stored data is computed on before being stored again. The control unit controls all the other units as well as their data. Details about all the computer units are − Input Unit The input unit provides data to the computer system from the outside. So, basically it links the external environment with the computer. It takes data from the input devices, converts it into machine language and then loads ...

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